/* ============================================================
   Nikhil Rampal — Computational Materials Scientist
   Refined Professional Redesign
   Aesthetic: Editorial / Scholarly / Refined Minimal
   ============================================================ */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=EB+Garamond:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;1,400&family=DM+Sans:wght@300;400;500;600&family=DM+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap');

/* ── Design Tokens ────────────────────────────────────────── */
:root {
    --ink:           #0f1923;        /* near-black ink */
    --ink-muted:     #4a5568;        /* secondary text */
    --ink-faint:     #8a96a3;        /* tertiary / meta */
    --canvas:        #fafaf8;        /* warm off-white */
    --canvas-raised: #ffffff;
    --canvas-sunken: #f2f1ee;        /* slightly warmer gray */
    --rule:          #e4e1dc;        /* border color */
    --gold:          #b5894a;        /* scholarly gold accent */
    --gold-light:    rgba(181,137,74,.12);
    --navy:          #1b3a5c;        /* deep navy for CTAs */
    --navy-mid:      #2d5a8e;
    --focus:         #2d5a8e;

    --ff-serif:      'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    --ff-sans:       'DM Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
    --ff-mono:       'DM Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;

    --sz-xs:  0.85rem;
    --sz-sm:  1rem;
    --sz-md:  1.1rem;
    --sz-lg:  1.2rem;
    --sz-xl:  1.35rem;
    --sz-2xl: 1.75rem;
    --sz-3xl: 2.5rem;
    --sz-4xl: 3.5rem;
    --sz-5xl: 4.5rem;

    --radius-sm: 3px;
    --radius:    6px;
    --radius-lg: 12px;

    --shadow-sm:  0 1px 4px rgba(15,25,35,.06);
    --shadow:     0 4px 16px rgba(15,25,35,.08);
    --shadow-lg:  0 12px 40px rgba(15,25,35,.12);

    --nav-h: 80px;
    --max-w: 1160px;
    --col-gap: 2.5rem;
    --section-y: 5.5rem;

    --ease: cubic-bezier(.25,.8,.25,1);
    --ease-spring: cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1);
}

/* ── Reset ────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    background-color: var(--canvas);
    line-height: 1.75;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
ul  { list-style: none; }

/* ── Typography ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
h1, h2, h3, h4 {
    font-family: var(--ff-serif);
    line-height: 1.15;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
    color: var(--ink);
}

h1 { font-size: var(--sz-5xl); font-weight: 500; }
h2 { font-size: var(--sz-3xl); font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
h3 { font-size: var(--sz-xl);  font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: .9rem; }
h4 { font-size: var(--sz-lg);  font-weight: 500; }

p  { margin-bottom: 1.4rem; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.8; }

a  {
    color: var(--navy-mid);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color .25s var(--ease);
}
a:hover { color: var(--gold); }

/* Section heading with elegant rule */
.section-heading {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
.section-heading::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    margin-top: .6rem;
    width: 2.5rem;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--gold);
}

/* Center-variant heading */
.section-heading.center { display: block; text-align: center; }
.section-heading.center::after { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

/* Override h2 default margin when wrapped */
h2.section-heading { margin-bottom: 3rem; }

/* ── Layout ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.container {
    max-width: var(--max-w);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
}

section { padding: var(--section-y) 0; }

/* ── Header / Navigation ──────────────────────────────────── */
header {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0 0 auto 0;
    height: var(--nav-h);
    background: rgba(250,250,248,.96);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease);
}

header.scrolled {
    box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(15,25,35,.07);
}

nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: var(--max-w);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
}

.logo {
    font-family: var(--ff-serif);
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink);
    letter-spacing: -.02em;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2.2rem;
}

.nav-links a {
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
    transition: color .25s var(--ease);
}

.nav-links a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px; left: 0;
    width: 0; height: 1.5px;
    background: var(--gold);
    transition: width .3s var(--ease);
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a.active {
    color: var(--ink);
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a.active::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.burger {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 4px;
}

.burger div {
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--ink);
    transition: all .3s var(--ease);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ── Hero ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding-top: var(--nav-h);
    background: var(--canvas);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* No decorative background elements on hero */

.hero .container {
    max-width: 780px;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* About page socials bar */
.about-socials-bar {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 0;
    background: var(--canvas);
}

.about { padding-top: 3rem; }

.about-socials-bar .hero-socials {
    justify-content: center;
    margin-top: 0;
}

/* Hero social icons */
.hero-socials {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1.4rem;
    margin-top: 3rem;
}

.hero-socials a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 54px;
    height: 54px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    background: transparent;
    transition: all .25s var(--ease);
}

.hero-socials a::after { display: none !important; }

.hero-socials a:hover,
.social-links a:hover {
    border-color: var(--gold);
    color: var(--gold);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(181,137,74,.15);
}

.hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, var(--sz-5xl));
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.hero h2 {
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.3rem);
    font-weight: 300;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.hero h2::after { display: none; }

.hero p {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
    line-height: 1.85;
}

.hero-buttons {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Sub-hero (inner page banner) */
.sub-hero {
    height: 18vh;
    min-height: 140px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding-top: var(--nav-h);
    padding-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    background: var(--canvas);
}

.sub-hero .container { margin-top: 0; }

.sub-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, var(--sz-4xl));
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ── Buttons ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .5rem;
    padding: .75rem 1.9rem;
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border: 1.5px solid transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all .25s var(--ease);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.btn.primary {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: var(--navy);
}
.btn.primary:hover {
    background: var(--gold);
    border-color: var(--gold);
    color: #fff;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(181,137,74,.3);
}

.btn.secondary {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--ink);
    border-color: var(--rule);
}
.btn.secondary:hover {
    border-color: var(--ink-muted);
    background: var(--canvas-sunken);
    color: var(--ink);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn.gold {
    background: var(--gold);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: var(--gold);
}
.btn.gold:hover {
    background: #a07840;
    color: #fff;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(181,137,74,.3);
}

/* ── Section Intro ────────────────────────────────────────── */
.section-intro {
    max-width: 100%;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
}
.section-intro a { color: var(--navy-mid); }

/* ── Featured Research (Home) ─────────────────────────────── */
.featured-research { background: var(--canvas); }

.featured-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 3px 1fr;
    gap: 0 2rem;
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease);
}

.featured-item::before {
    content: '';
    background: var(--navy);
    display: block;
}

.featured-item.alt::before { background: var(--gold); }

.featured-content { padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 0; }

.featured-item:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ── Research Projects ────────────────────────────────────── */
.research-projects {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 3rem;
    width: 100%;
}

.research-project {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    position: relative;
    transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s var(--ease);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.research-project::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0; left: 0;
    width: 100%; height: 3px;
    background: var(--gold);
    border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity .3s var(--ease);
}

.research-project:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-color: var(--rule);
}

.research-project:hover::before,
.research-project.active::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

.research-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    position: relative;
    transition: background-color .3s var(--ease);
}

.research-header:hover {
    background-color: rgba(181, 137, 74, 0.03);
}

.research-icon {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--canvas-sunken);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--navy-mid);
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all .3s var(--ease);
}

.research-project:hover .research-icon {
    color: var(--gold);
    border-color: var(--gold);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(181,137,74,.15);
}

.research-project.active .research-icon {
    color: var(--gold);
    border-color: var(--gold);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(181,137,74,.15);
}

.research-icon img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.research-title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.research-header .toggle-icon {
    position: absolute;
    right: 2rem;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    transition: transform .3s var(--ease), color .3s var(--ease);
}

.research-project:hover .toggle-icon,
.research-project.active .toggle-icon {
    color: var(--gold);
}

.research-project.active .research-header .toggle-icon {
    transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(180deg);
}

.research-content {
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    transition: max-height .5s var(--ease), padding .5s var(--ease);
}

.research-project.active .research-content {
    max-height: 500px;
    padding: 0 2rem 2rem;
}

.research-content p {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.research-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.research-project.active {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

/* ── Methodology ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
.methodology { background: var(--canvas-sunken); }

.methodology-content ul {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.methodology-content li {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0;
    padding: .9rem 1.2rem;
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ── Read More Link ───────────────────────────────────────── */
.read-more {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .4rem;
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--navy-mid);
    margin-top: .5rem;
}

.read-more i { transition: transform .25s var(--ease); }
.read-more:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.read-more:hover i { transform: translateX(4px); }

/* ── Detailed Research Pages ─────────────────────────────── */
.research-detail {
    background: var(--canvas);
}

.research-breadcrumb {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
}

.research-breadcrumb a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    transition: all .2s ease;
}

.research-breadcrumb a:hover {
    color: var(--gold);
}

.research-detail-intro {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.research-icon.large-icon {
    width: 120px;
    height: 120px;
    font-size: 3rem;
}

.lead-text {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    font-weight: 300;
    font-family: var(--ff-serif);
    margin: 0;
}

.research-detail-main {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.research-detail-main h2 {
    margin-top: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    font-size: 2rem;
}

.research-detail-main h2:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.research-image {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.research-illustration {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

.caption {
    background: var(--canvas-sunken);
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
}

.research-subtopic {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.research-subtopic h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--navy);
}

.research-subtopic ul {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

.research-subtopic li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    position: relative;
    list-style-type: none;
}

.research-subtopic li::before {
    content: '•';
    color: var(--gold);
    font-weight: bold;
    position: absolute;
    left: -1.2rem;
}

.publication-section {
    background: var(--canvas-sunken);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    margin-top: 3rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.mini-publications {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.mini-publication {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--navy);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.mini-publication h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.mini-publication .btn {
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Publication page hero socials override */
.publications .hero-socials {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* ── Publications ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
.scholar-integration {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-mid) 100%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    text-align: center;
    color: white;
}

.scholar-integration .btn { color: white; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }
.scholar-integration .btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.2); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.7); color: white; }

.scholar-stats {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
    font-style: italic;
    margin: 1rem 0 0;
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
}

.filter-container {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.filter-section {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.filter-heading {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.publication-filters,
.research-filters {
    display: flex;
    gap: .6rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.filter-btn {
    background: none;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);
    padding: .45rem 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 99px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    transition: all .25s var(--ease);
}

.filter-btn:hover {
    border-color: var(--ink-muted);
    color: var(--ink);
}

.filter-btn.active {
    background: var(--navy);
    border-color: var(--navy);
    color: white;
}

.publications-list { display: grid; gap: 1.4rem; }

.publication {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-left: 4px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 1.8rem 2rem;
    transition: box-shadow .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease), border-color .25s var(--ease);
    display: block;
}

.publication.journal   { border-left-color: var(--navy); }
.publication.conference{ border-left-color: var(--navy-mid); }
.publication.preprint  { border-left-color: var(--gold); }

.publication:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateX(2px);
}

.publication h3 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin-bottom: .5rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.publication .authors {
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: .35rem;
}

.publication .journal-info {
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-faint);
    margin-bottom: .8rem;
}

.publication .description {
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: .8rem;
}

.publication-links { display: flex; gap: 1rem; }

.publication-links a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .3rem;
    font-size: var(--sz-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--navy-mid);
    background: var(--canvas-sunken);
    padding: .3rem .75rem;
    border-radius: 99px;
    transition: background .2s, color .2s;
}

.publication-links a:hover {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: white;
}

.pub-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.pub-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 3px;
    color: white;
}

.pub-tag.energy-storage {
    background-color: #1a74c4;
}

.pub-tag.geochemical {
    background-color: #2a9d8f;
}

.pub-tag.extreme-conditions {
    background-color: #e76f51;
}

.pub-tag.machine-learning {
    background-color: #9b5de5;
}

/* ── Latest Publications (Home) ───────────────────────────── */
.latest-publications { background: var(--canvas-sunken); }

.publication-highlight {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--gold);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.publication-highlight h3 { margin-bottom: .4rem; }
.publication-highlight .btn { margin-top: 1.8rem; }

/* ── CTA Band ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.cta {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 5rem 0;
}

.cta h2 {
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.cta h2::after {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.4);
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.cta p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); margin-bottom: 2rem; }

.cta .btn.primary {
    background: var(--gold);
    border-color: var(--gold);
}
.cta .btn.primary:hover {
    background: #a07840;
    border-color: #a07840;
}

/* ── About ────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.about { background: var(--canvas); }

.about-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
    gap: var(--col-gap);
    align-items: start;
}

.about-image img {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    filter: grayscale(10%) contrast(1.02);
    transition: filter .4s var(--ease);
}
.about-image img:hover { filter: grayscale(0%) contrast(1.05); }

/* Section delimiter */
.section-delimiter {
    margin: 4rem auto;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, var(--rule), transparent);
    position: relative;
}

/* Compact version with less vertical space */
.compact-delimiter {
    margin: 2rem auto;
}

.section-delimiter::after {
    content: '◆';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--gold);
    background: inherit;
    padding: 0 1rem;
}

.education {
    margin-top: 4rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: var(--section-y);
}
.education h2 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

.timeline-cards {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 0; /* Ensure no extra bottom margin */
}

.timeline-cards .card-entry {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Removed timeline connector styles as we're using card boxes now */

.timeline-cards .year-badge {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1rem;
    right: 1rem;
    background: var(--canvas);
    color: var(--gold);
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .05em;
    padding: .28rem .6rem;
    border-radius: 99px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

/* Removed connector line styles */

/* Removed connector line display rule */
.timeline-cards .card-entry:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.timeline-cards .card-body {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    flex: 1;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.timeline-cards .card-body::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border-top: 3px solid var(--gold);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.timeline-cards .card-entry:last-child .card-body {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.timeline-cards .degree {
    font-family: var(--ff-serif);
    font-size: 4.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: .8rem;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    margin-right: 5rem; /* Make room for the year badge */
    line-height: 1.1; /* Tighter line height for larger text */
}

.timeline-cards .institution {
    font-size: 3.4rem;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.timeline-cards .thesis {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-top: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.timeline-cards .advisors-label {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: .6rem;
}

.timeline-cards .advisors-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.timeline-cards .advisors-list li {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: .5rem;
    margin-bottom: .8rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    padding-left: 0;
    position: static;
}

.timeline-cards .advisors-list li::before {
    content: '◆';
    color: var(--gold);
    font-size: .85rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: .15rem;
}

.timeline-cards .advisor-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: .2rem;
}

.timeline-cards .advisor-name {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .6rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--navy-mid);
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color .2s;
}

.timeline-cards .advisor-name:hover { color: var(--gold); }

.timeline-cards .advisor-logo {
    height: 22px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    filter: grayscale(20%);
    opacity: .85;
    transition: opacity .2s;
}

.timeline-cards .advisor-name:hover .advisor-logo {
    opacity: 1;
    filter: grayscale(0%);
}

.advisor-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: .65rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: .2rem .55rem;
    border-radius: 3px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
}

.ornl-badge { background: #005a8b; color: white; }
.columbia-badge { background: #003DA5; color: white; }

.timeline-cards .advisor-logo {
    height: 30px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 4px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: opacity .2s;
}

.timeline-cards .advisor-name:hover .advisor-logo { opacity: .85; }

.timeline-cards .advisor-desc {
    display: block;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.education li {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: grid;
    gap: .15rem;
}
.education li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.education .degree {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
}

.education .institution {
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
}

.education .year {
    font-size: var(--sz-xs);
    color: var(--ink-faint);
    font-family: var(--ff-mono);
    letter-spacing: .05em;
}

/* ── Skills ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.skills { background: var(--canvas-sunken); }

.skills-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(230px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.8rem;
}

.skill-category {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.8rem;
}

.skill-category h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    padding-bottom: .7rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.skill-category li {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: .55rem;
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
    color: var(--ink);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.skill-category li::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: .6em;
    width: 5px; height: 5px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--gold);
}

/* ── Awards ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.awards {
    padding-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: var(--section-y);
}

.awards-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.award {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.8rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.award::before {
    content: '★';
    position: absolute;
    top: 1rem; right: 1.2rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--gold-light);
    filter: blur(0);
}

.award::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border-top: 3px solid var(--gold);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.award h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.award-info { font-size: var(--sz-md); color: var(--ink-muted); font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0; }

/* ── Social Panels ────────────────────────────────────────── */
.social-section { background: var(--canvas); padding: 3rem 0 5rem; }

.social-panel {
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 3rem;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.social-panel h2 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.social-panel h2::after { left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }

.social-panel-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.social-panel-links a {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .5rem;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.5rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    min-width: 100px;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    transition: all .25s var(--ease);
    background: var(--canvas);
}

.social-panel-links a:hover {
    border-color: var(--navy-mid);
    color: var(--navy-mid);
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.social-panel-links i { font-size: 1.6rem; }
.social-panel-links .link-label { font-size: var(--sz-xs); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .05em; text-transform: uppercase; }

/* ── Contact ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.contact { background: var(--canvas); }

.contact-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: var(--col-gap);
}

.contact-info h3, .contact-form h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: .7rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.contact-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.contact-item i {
    color: var(--gold);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-top: .2rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-item p, .contact-item a { margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--ink-muted); font-size: var(--sz-md); }
.contact-item a:hover { color: var(--navy-mid); }

.social-links { display: flex; gap: 1.4rem; margin-top: 2rem; }

.social-links a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 54px;
    height: 54px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    background: transparent;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    transition: all .25s var(--ease);
}

.social-links a::after { display: none !important; }

/* ── Contact Form ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
.form-group { margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }

.form-group label {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--sz-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-muted);
    margin-bottom: .5rem;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: .75rem 1rem;
    background: var(--canvas-raised);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-family: var(--ff-sans);
    font-size: var(--sz-md);
    color: var(--ink);
    transition: border-color .25s var(--ease), box-shadow .25s var(--ease);
    outline: none;
    resize: vertical;
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
    border-color: var(--navy-mid);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(45,90,142,.1);
}

/* ── Footer ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
footer {
    background: var(--ink);
    padding: 2.5rem 0;
    text-align: center;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.4);
    font-size: var(--sz-sm);
}

footer p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); margin-bottom: .4rem; }

.visitor-counter { margin-top: 1rem; opacity: .5; }
.visitor-counter img { vertical-align: middle; display: inline; }

/* ── Animations ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.hidden {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(24px);
    transition: none;
}

.fade-in {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    transition: opacity .7s var(--ease), transform .7s var(--ease);
}

/* ── Subtle global link underline ─────────────────────────── */
a:not(.btn):not(.nav-links a):not(.social-links a):not(.social-panel-links a):not(.read-more):not(.publication-links a):not(.filter-btn) {
    position: relative;
}

a:not(.btn):not(.nav-links a):not(.social-links a):not(.social-panel-links a):not(.read-more):not(.publication-links a):not(.filter-btn)::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -1px; left: 0;
    width: 0; height: 1px;
    background: var(--gold);
    transition: width .3s var(--ease);
}

a:not(.btn):not(.nav-links a):not(.social-links a):not(.social-panel-links a):not(.read-more):not(.publication-links a):not(.filter-btn):hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

/* ── Keyframes ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
@keyframes navLinkFade {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(40px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

/* ── Responsive ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    :root { --section-y: 5rem; }

    .about-content {
        grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    :root { --section-y: 4rem; }

    h1 { font-size: var(--sz-4xl); }
    h2 { font-size: var(--sz-2xl); }

    /* Mobile nav */
    .nav-links {
        position: fixed;
        inset: var(--nav-h) 0 0 auto;
        width: min(280px, 80vw);
        height: calc(100vh - var(--nav-h));
        background: var(--canvas-raised);
        border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
        gap: 0;
        transform: translateX(100%);
        transition: transform .4s var(--ease);
        z-index: 999;
        box-shadow: -8px 0 30px rgba(15,25,35,.1);
    }

    .nav-links li { width: 100%; }

    .nav-links a {
        display: block;
        padding: .9rem 0;
        font-size: var(--sz-md);
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
        opacity: 0;
    }

    .nav-active { transform: translateX(0); }

    .burger { display: flex; }

    .about-content,
    .contact-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .about-image { max-width: 240px; }

    .research-projects { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .hero-buttons { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }

    .featured-item {
        grid-template-columns: 3px 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    :root { --section-y: 3rem; }
    .container { padding: 0 1.25rem; }
    .social-panel { padding: 2rem 1.25rem; }
    .publication { padding: 1.4rem 1.25rem; }
}